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Artificial Intelligence in Divorce Proceedings and the Implications for Family Law
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Artificial Intelligence in Divorce Proceedings and the Implications for Family Law

Published on
Nichola Bright
Nichola Bright
Partner in our Family Law Team Myerson Solicitors

In this article, Nichola Bright, Partner and Family Lawyer at Myerson Solicitors explores the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within family law and the implications for both professionals and clients.

The use of AI within the legal profession has expanded rapidly in recent years, and family law is no exception. In divorce and financial remedy proceedings, AI is now being used by solicitors, litigants and, indirectly, considered by the judiciary. While AI offers clear advantages in terms of efficiency and accessibility, its integration into family law raises significant questions about accuracy, ethics, data protection and the proper administration of justice.

This article examines the current and emerging role of AI in divorce proceedings, with particular reference to professional practice, judicial guidance issued in October 2025, and the broader implications for the future of family law.

The Use of AI by Solicitors in Divorce Proceedings

Family law practitioners are increasingly adopting AI-enabled tools to assist with a range of preparatory and analytical tasks. Importantly, these tools are generally used to support, rather than supplant, professional legal judgment.

AI-assisted document review is now commonly deployed in cases involving extensive financial disclosure. Machine-learning tools can efficiently review bank statements, tax returns and corporate documents, identifying trends, inconsistencies or potential non-disclosure. This can be particularly valuable in complex financial remedy cases or where disclosure is voluminous.

Certain AI platforms are capable of analysing financial data to support asset identification, valuation exercises and scenario modelling. While such tools do not determine outcomes, they can assist solicitors in stress-testing settlement proposals and identifying areas requiring further investigation.

AI-powered legal research tools allow practitioners to search legislation, case law and commentary more efficiently, surfacing relevant authorities and summarising legal principles. Used appropriately, this enhances rather than replaces doctrinal analysis.

AI is also being used to assist with drafting preliminary documents, including chronologies, case summaries and initial correspondence. Professional oversight remains essential, particularly in family proceedings where nuance and precision are critical.

Judicial Guidance on the Use of AI (October 2025)

In October 2025, the Court and Tribunals Judiciary issued formal guidance addressing the use of AI within legal proceedings. The guidance reflects a cautious but pragmatic approach, recognising the inevitability of AI’s growing presence while emphasising the primacy of human responsibility.

Key Principles of the Guidance:

The guidance confirms that AI may be used for administrative, organisational and preparatory tasks, such as document summarisation or research support. However, it expressly warns against reliance on AI-generated legal analysis without independent verification.

The judiciary discourages the use of AI for tasks involving evaluative judgment, discretion or the balancing of competing interests, functions that lie at the core of judicial decision-making, particularly in family law.

The guidance also addresses the increasing use of AI by unrepresented litigants. While acknowledging that AI may assist in improving access to justice, the judiciary highlights risks including legal inaccuracies, misunderstanding of procedural requirements and the submission of AI-generated material that has not been properly scrutinised.

The Use of AI by Clients and Litigants

Beyond professional practice, AI is increasingly used directly by clients involved in divorce proceedings.

Many individuals use AI tools to research divorce law, court processes and financial remedies. This reflects a broader trend towards self-education and digital engagement with legal processes.

Some litigants use AI to draft summaries of their circumstances, prepare correspondence or generate preliminary submissions. While this may assist in articulating issues, it also raises concerns about accuracy and the risk of overconfidence in AI-generated outputs.

Benefits of AI in Divorce Proceedings

AI has the potential to reduce the time spent on routine tasks, allowing solicitors to allocate more resources to strategic advice, negotiation and advocacy. This may assist in managing legal costs and improving access to representation.

AI tools can translate complex legal concepts into more accessible language, contributing to better-informed clients and more meaningful participation in the legal process.

The Importance of Legal-Specific AI

A critical distinction must be drawn between generic AI tools and legal-specific AI software. Legal AI platforms are typically jurisdiction-specific, regularly updated and designed with professional safeguards. These include research databases, document automation tools and disclosure analysis systems, which are better suited to legal practice than general-purpose AI.

Risks and Ethical Considerations

AI systems may produce outputs that are persuasive in tone but legally inaccurate or incomplete. In family law, where outcomes are highly fact-sensitive, such errors carry significant risk.

The use of AI raises serious data protection issues, particularly where sensitive personal or financial data is processed by third-party systems. Compliance with data protection and professional confidentiality obligations remains paramount.

AI systems may reflect inherent biases within their training data and may oversimplify complex legal or factual issues. Family law disputes rarely lend themselves to binary or formulaic solutions.

In cases involving domestic abuse or coercive control, AI may be misused as a tool of surveillance, manipulation or intimidation. Legal professionals must be alert to the potential for technology-facilitated abuse within family proceedings.

Can AI Replace Family Lawyers or Judges?

Despite its growing role, AI is unlikely to replace family lawyers or judges. Family law requires the exercise of discretion, empathy and moral judgment, qualities that remain uniquely human.

Legal advice involves interpreting law in context, negotiating outcomes and advocating for clients’ best interests. Judicial decision-making similarly requires the weighing of evidence, assessment of credibility and balancing of competing welfare considerations, particularly where children are concerned.

AI may assist with process and preparation, but it cannot replicate the human judgment essential to family justice.

Conclusion

To conclude, AI is becoming an increasingly influential tool in divorce proceedings, reshaping legal practice and client engagement. While it offers clear benefits in efficiency and accessibility, its use must be carefully regulated and ethically grounded. In family law, AI is no replacement for professional expertise and judicial discretion. The challenge for the legal profession lies in harnessing AI’s advantages while safeguarding the family justice system.

About Nichola Bright, Partner and Family Lawyer at Myerson Solicitors

Nichola has been practising family law since 2008 and has worked at highly regarded practices in Cheshire and Lancashire. Nichola joined Myerson in 2012 and was promoted to Senior Solicitor in 2015 and is now a Partner at the firm.

Nichola advises on a wide range of family matters, including divorce and high net-worth financial settlements, separation, co-habitation, pre-nuptial agreements, complex disputes regarding children, fertility law and surrogacy law.

Find out more about Nichola Bright here.

 

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Budget 2025: What Families Need to Know When Planning Separation or Divorce
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Budget 2025: What Families Need to Know When Planning Separation or Divorce

Published on
Emma Davies
Emma Davies
Partner
Nelsons Law

The 2025 Autumn Budget brings several tax and financial reforms that could significantly affect separating couples, especially those with complex assets.

Emma Davies, partner and family law specialist at Nelsons, highlights that these updates make it even more important for families to plan ahead. Below Emma outlines the key changes and what they mean for those preparing for separation or divorce.

November’s Budget introduced a series of reforms that will shape how families manage their finances going through separation or divorce, some of these changes carry significant strategic implications.

While many headlines focused on support for lower-income families, the Budget also introduced reforms to the taxation of wealth, property income and investments. These shifts mean that separating couples, particularly those with complex assets, should take specialist advice earlier and plan their financial arrangements with even greater precision.

  1. Increased tax focus on wealth and asset income

A central theme of Budget 2025 is increased taxation on income derived from assets, including investment portfolios, rental properties and other passive income streams.

Why this matters during divorce

  • Asset-related tax liabilities can directly influence the value of a settlement.
  • Transfers of investment assets or property between spouses, traditionally tax-neutral, may now carry more considerations around future tax exposure.
  • Individuals with diversified portfolios will need to evaluate the tax efficiency of keeping or trading certain categories of assets, especially where maintenance obligations are involved.

The opportunity

This is the time to revisit tax planning, both before and during a divorce. With specialist advice and careful planning it is possible to preserve value and reduce future tax exposures.

  1. Property and investment portfolios require new strategy

Reforms affecting property income and the broader taxation of asset-derived wealth mean that real estate portfolios, buy-to-let interests and investment properties require closer evaluation during a divorce.

Potential impacts

  • Rental income may attract different tax treatment, affecting affordability of ongoing financial commitments.
  • Timing of asset disposals, particularly high-value properties or shares, becomes more important.
  • Practical takeaway

During negotiations, it’s no longer just about who gets what, but who can most efficiently hold a particular asset class going forward and it will be important to work in tandem with your family lawyer and other professional advisers.

  1. Pension and long-term wealth planning take centre stage

The Budget includes reforms to pensions and savings support including caps on salary sacrifice pension contributions which means these schemes will become less tax advantageous.  In turn, this affects long-term financial planning during divorce as the ability of divorcing couples to rebuild their pensions post-divorce needs to be considered and may affect how settlements are structured.

For individuals with substantial pension wealth, this means:

  • Greater scrutiny on how pensions are shared or offset.
  • Increased importance of actuarial valuation to ensure fair outcomes.
  • More strategic use of pensions as part of overall settlement structuring.

Given the complexity, specialist advice is highly recommended when reviewing pension division and post-divorce retirement planning.

  1. Tax threshold freezes: A slow-burning impact

Personal tax thresholds remain frozen, effectively pulling more individuals into higher tax bands over time (“fiscal drag”).

For some individuals, this means:

  • Increased exposure to higher tax rates on both earned and investment income.
  • Potential increases in effective maintenance obligations.
  • More need for forward-thinking cash-flow planning post-divorce.

This change subtly but meaningfully affects long-term affordability and financial planning for both parties.

  1. Changes to family benefits: Relevance for blended and larger families

Although primarily aimed at lower-income families, the abolition of the two-child limit for Universal Credit and related child benefits has indirect implications for separated parents, blended families and households with childcare responsibilities split between homes.

For clients with more wealth, the relevance is twofold:

  • It may affect negotiations where one parent has significantly lower income or earns irregularly (e.g. entrepreneurs, directors, or individuals with fluctuating asset income).
  • Where school fees, childcare, and lifestyle expectations are high, these changes may form part of broader discussions about child maintenance and living arrangements.

  1. The landscape is more complex – early planning is essential

The Autumn Budget 2025 creates a more complicated financial environment for separating couples, particularly those with:

  • High-value property portfolios
  • Significant investment income
  • Businesses or shareholdings
  • Trust structures
  • International assets
  • Large pension pots

Strategic advice at the earliest stage is crucial. The way assets are valued, shared, or retained now carries different long-term consequences than it did even a year ago.

Emma emphasises that, despite the added complexity, with the right advice families can still make informed and confident decisions about their future. If you’re considering separation or are in the early stages of divorce, Nelsons’ family law team can help you navigate the Budget’s implications and protect your long-term financial position.

To find out more about Nelsons’ family team, please visit: https://www.nelsonslaw.co.uk/personal-legal-services/family-law-solicitors/

For more information, please contact Huma Mian or Niamh Tracey at Cartwright on 0115 853 2110.

About Emma Davies

Emma is a partner and head the family law team at Nelsons. She qualified as a Solicitor in 2008 and has been at Nelsons since 2009.
Emma advises on divorce and financial settlements which involve complex issues and substantial assets. She also advises on pre and post nuptial agreements and separation agreements along with private law Children Act disputes. Emma is a qualified collaborative practitioner.
Emma’s areas of expertise include divorce, civil partnership dissolution, financial provision, collaborative law, pre-nuptial agreements, post-nuptial agreements, separation agreements, parental responsibility, child arrangements, and prohibited steps orders and specific issue orders.

About Nelsons: 

Nelsons was established in 1983 and provides support to businesses, individuals and families with their legal and investment needs. Nelsons’ experience and depth of resource has also enabled them to offer services to other solicitors through Fusion Legal – a mutually-beneficial referrals and support network for law firms. The firm is recognised by the leading, independently researched Legal 500 and is recommended by them in more than 20 practice areas. The firm is recommended by Chambers and Partners and also features in The Lawyer’s UK 200 Annual Report of the UK’s largest 200 law firms. Nelsons has offices throughout the East Midlands in Nottingham, Leicester & Derby

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The Hidden Challenges Immigrant Parents Face in the UK Family Court
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The Hidden Challenges Immigrant Parents Face in the UK Family Court

Published on
Gergely Fried
Gergely Fried
McKenzie Friend and Founder of Everyman Justice

Sponsored post by Everyman Justice.

UK Family Court

When parents separate, the family court process can feel overwhelming for anyone. But for parents who have moved to the UK from abroad, the challenges are often deeper and more complex. Differences in language, legal systems, cultural expectations, and access to support can turn an already stressful situation into something far more daunting.

Many parents come from countries with different family law systems, communication styles, or cultural attitudes toward questioning authority. In those circumstances, tasks that may appear straightforward, such as completing forms or understanding a Cafcass letter, can feel intimidating and confusing. This article explores the language barriers, cultural misunderstandings, and systemic assumptions that can make the process harder for immigrant parents, and why empathy and clarity matter so much.

When English Is Not Your First Language

Even parents who speak English confidently in everyday life often struggle when faced with legal or formal language. Court correspondence uses specific terminology that carries precise meanings, and these meanings are not always obvious.

Terms such as parental responsibility, fact-finding hearing, or position statement are not part of ordinary conversation. Misunderstanding them can lead parents to respond in ways that unintentionally weaken their position. Some parents worry about appearing uninformed or uncooperative, so they avoid asking questions. That silence may then be misinterpreted as disengagement, when it is actually rooted in fear or uncertainty.

I have spoken to parents who read the same paragraph repeatedly without feeling sure they understood it correctly. The emotional weight of that confusion is often invisible to professionals, but it shapes how confidently or hesitantly a parent participates in the process.

The Emotional Pressure of Navigating Court Alone

Many parents going through family court have some form of support around them. Friends, extended family, or colleagues who are familiar with the UK system can help them make sense of what is happening.

Parents who have moved to the UK more recently often do not have that network. Some have no one they feel comfortable asking for guidance. Others worry that asking the “wrong” question might somehow harm their case. The fear of making a mistake can be paralysing.

When a parent is separated from their wider family and cultural community, the emotional stakes are even higher. The fear of losing contact with a child can feel amplified when there is no familiar support structure nearby. That emotional pressure can affect how parents communicate, how they present themselves, and how they cope with the demands of the process.

Cultural Differences and Misinterpretation

Family dynamics and communication styles vary widely across cultures. In some cultures, avoiding eye contact is a sign of respect. In others, emotional restraint is valued over direct expression. Some parents are raised to defer to authority rather than challenge it.

Within the UK family court system, these behaviours can sometimes be misunderstood. A parent who avoids eye contact may be seen as evasive. A parent who speaks passionately may be perceived as aggressive. A parent who hesitates to question professionals may be viewed as disengaged.

These interpretations are rarely intentional, but they can influence how a parent is perceived. When cultural context is not fully understood, well-intended behaviour can be misread in ways that affect outcomes.

A System That Assumes Prior Knowledge

Court forms and procedures, including C100 applications, C1A allegations, statements, and evidence bundles, often assume a baseline understanding of how the UK legal system operates. For many parents who have moved to the UK, that knowledge was never available to them.

Beyond the forms themselves, many parents are unaware of how decisions are actually made. Family courts operate on the balance of probabilities rather than certainty, which can be unfamiliar to those from different legal traditions.

Without understanding how evidence is assessed or how concerns are framed, parents may approach the process with expectations that do not align with how outcomes are decided. This can lead to frustration, confusion, and a sense that the system is unpredictable or unfair, even when procedures are being followed correctly.

Interpreters and Practical Access to Support

Language support does exist within the family court system, including access to interpreters when requested. However, many parents are unaware that this support is available or feel uncomfortable asking for it.

Clearer information about interpreter availability, alongside plainer language guidance and greater cultural awareness, could help reduce misunderstandings before they affect outcomes. Small changes in how information is explained and how behaviour is interpreted may significantly improve fairness without lowering standards.

Small Steps That Can Make a Difference

While every situation is different, a few approaches can help parents feel more grounded during proceedings:

Taking time to slow down. Court communication often feels urgent, but responding while overwhelmed increases confusion. Reading documents carefully, drafting responses before sending them, and asking for clarification where needed can reduce mistakes.

Separating emotion from structure. Emotional experiences are valid, but court documents usually require clarity and structure. Writing drafts privately before refining them can help parents express concerns in a way the court can engage with.

Keeping simple records. Many parents are unsure what evidence matters. Keeping a basic timeline of key events, copies of important messages, and notes of significant interactions can help parents stay organised and feel more prepared.

Why Empathy Matters for Children

Children are deeply affected by parental stress, even when it is not spoken about directly. Anxiety can show up in disrupted sleep, increased clinginess, or worry about conversations they only partially understand.

When parents feel calmer and more supported, they are better able to provide emotional stability. Clearer communication and reduced stress can help children feel safer during a period of uncertainty, which is ultimately what the family court process aims to protect.

A Closing Reflection

This article is not about criticising the family court system or promoting any particular service. It is an honest reflection on the emotional and practical barriers that parents from abroad often face when navigating an unfamiliar legal environment.

Needing extra explanation does not make a parent less capable. Asking questions does not indicate weakness. Struggling with an unfamiliar system does not reflect on a parent’s ability to care for their child.

Empathy, clarity, and understanding do not change the law, but they can change how families experience the process. And that can make a meaningful difference for both parents and children.

This article is intended for general information and emotional support only and does not constitute legal advice.

About Gergely Fried

Gergely Fried is a McKenzie Friend, author, and the founder of Everyman Justice. With a background in education and business, and personal experience of child arrangements proceedings, he supports parents navigating the UK family court system with calm, practical guidance and emotional insight. His work focuses on clarity, emotional understanding, and reducing unnecessary conflict, always with the child’s wellbeing at the centre.

His book, Conflict by Design, guides parents step by step through child arrangements proceedings using a realistic case narrative, explaining what to expect in clear, accessible language rather than legal or academic jargon.

Everyman Justice: https://everymanjustice.co.uk/
Support & Help: https://everymanjustice.co.uk/support-and-help/

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Pre-nuptial vs. Post-nuptial Agreements: Which One Do You Need?
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Pre-nuptial vs. Post-nuptial Agreements: Which One Do You Need?

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Kaylee Justham
Kaylee Justham
Solicitor
Rainer Hughes

When approaching a milestone event such as a marriage or civil partnership, it is always a good time to reassess your financial position and put plans in place to protect yourself. This is particularly important if there is an imbalance in wealth between the two partners, such as one partner having business assets or a large inheritance. It is natural for that partner to wish to preserve or retain the wealth they have already accumulated, in the event of a future divorce or dissolution, particularly where there are children involved whose future needs are required to be considered. On the other hand, it is also sensible to plan ahead and determine how financial settlements should be arranged, in the event of a relationship breakdown, and this peace of mind is what a pre-nuptial and post-nuptial agreement provides. 

Pre-nuptial and post-nuptial agreements have previously been the domain of high-profile people and couples involved in a high net worth divorce or partnership dissolution, but they have become increasingly popular as people take sensible steps to avoid costly litigation in the event of a relationship breakdown, and at an already stressful time. 

What is a pre-nuptial agreement?

A pre-nuptial agreement is a formal agreement that a couple enter into prior to a marriage or a civil partnership. The agreement sets out how assets and financial arrangements will be divided in the event of the relationship ending, and therefore predetermines a financial settlement. This removes stress, provides clarity and avoids disputes which could result in costly court proceedings. A partner can use a pre-nuptial agreement to protect assets they have already accumulated from future claims, which UK laws might otherwise dictate are shared with the other partner. 

What is a post-nuptial agreement?

A post-nuptial agreement is very similar to a pre-nuptial agreement in terms of its contents and purpose, but this is an agreement entered into by two partners who are already married, or who are already in a civil partnership. A post-nuptial agreement also defines how assets and financial arrangements will be divided in the event of a relationship ending.  

The key differences between pre-nuptial and post-nuptial agreements

It is common for people to come to a decision that they wish to protect their own financial assets, and to provide clarity on how this is done, but this decision can be made at different times. Of course, these arrangements can be made before or after a wedding or civil partnership ceremony and therefore can be a pre- or post-nuptial agreement accordingly. However, there are other important differences in each arrangement which could suit certain people at certain times. 

  • Separation before divorce – A post-nuptial agreement can be useful in a scenario where a couple wish to separate, but have not yet decided that divorce or dissolution is the right conclusion. This could be due to various circumstances, including financial circumstances. In this event, a post-nuptial agreement acts as a holding position to define the current agreement, until such a time that a divorce or dissolution is decided upon and agreed to be the next course of action.  
  • Wealth accumulated during a marriage/civil partnership – It is also common for one partner to come into significant wealth during a marriage or civil partnership. This could be an inheritance, or through the sale of a business or a property owned prior to the marriage or civil partnership, for example. In this case, wealth protection is very important, and a post-nuptial agreement can clarify how this new wealth should be divided in the future.  
  • Condition – Although it is not considered a particularly romantic gesture and is considered by some to be putting a negative slant on an impending marriage or civil partnership, one partner may insist on a pre-nuptial agreement being put in place prior to the relationship becoming formal, and hence this becomes a condition that may even prevent the marriage or civil partnership going ahead. At the same time, it should be stressed that both partners have to enter into a pre- or post-nuptial agreement willingly and without pressure or duress, for it to be enforceable. 

The key difference is that a post-nuptial agreement can protect a partner in the event that circumstances change during a marriage or civil partnership, and these circumstances weren’t known prior to the marriage or civil partnership.  

What should pre- nuptial and post-nuptial agreements contain?

Common inclusions in a pre- or post-nuptial agreement are:

  • Property – Whether marital or non-marital
  • Bank accounts – Protecting individual income and savings and dividing joint accounts
  • Debts – Again, whether marital or non-marital
  • Maintenance – Arrangements for funding childcare 
  • Pensions – How these will be divided
  • Inheritance – Whether to keep separate and/or pass down to children
  • Valuable property – How items such as jewellery, artwork or valuable furniture is divided
  • Business interests – Dividing business assets and restricting sale or transfer if applicable

A pre- or post-nuptial agreement wouldn’t normally predetermine child arrangements, as these can change over time. It also wouldn’t include personal issues, such as clauses relating to lifestyle choices, household responsibilities or social media usage. 

What considerations should you make when preparing a pre- or post-nuptial agreement? 

A pre- or post-nuptial agreement is not yet a legally binding agreement in the UK, but they are usually given significant weighting by the courts in the event that certain conditions are met. These can include:

  • A pre-nuptial agreement should be entered into at least 28 days prior to a marriage or civil partnership, to avoid accusations that undue pressure or coercion was involved.
  • There should be full financial disclosure from both parties. 
  • Both partners were provided with independent legal and financial advice prior to formalising the agreement. 
  • The agreement is fair and reasonable for both parties and also prioritises the needs of any children involved in the relationship. 

Although a pre- or post-nuptial agreement requires both partners to look into the future and assess the likelihood of certain things happening, and many people might not like to do that, such agreements can provide an element of trust and peace of mind and prevents the possibility of disputes in the future. Ultimately, this can help to make the divorce, separation and dissolution process amicable and much less emotional.

About Kaylee Justham

Kaylee Justham joined Rainer Hughes Solicitors August 2023 as a Solicitor in the Family Department. Kaylee has over 10 years’ experience working in Family Law, starting off as a paralegal and Trainee Solicitor in which she qualified as a Solicitor in May 2018. Kaylee provides a wide range of services to her clients to include all aspects of family matters to include; matrimonial matters, cohabitation disputes and private children matters. Kaylee also has experience with drafting Wills, Legal Power of Attorneys and Deeds of Trusts.

Kaylee regularly represents her clients in Court and prides herself on her friendly, approachable, direct and forward-thinking manner. Kaylee understands the needs of her clients and strives to act in their best interests in helping them to achieve the best possible results.

Kaylee is considered an extremely safe pair of hands and is dedicated to listening to her clients and aiming to make the process as stress free as possible.

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Why TOLATA is a Necessary Safety Net for Modern Relationships
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Why TOLATA is a Necessary Safety Net for Modern Relationships

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Gary Hall
Gary Hall
Litigation Solicitor
Clough & Willis

When relationships end, property disputes have a way of cutting deeper than just financial loss; they strike at security, fairness, and dignity. For unmarried couples, this reality is especially stark. Unlike divorcing spouses, who benefit from a robust framework under family law, cohabiting partners are left to navigate the cold, often unforgiving provisions of the Trust of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996 (TOLATA).

TOLATA was designed to provide clarity but in practice it often highlights just how outdated our legal approach to modern relationships really is. Cohabitation is now one of the most common living arrangements in the UK, yet the law continues to treat these partners as legal strangers once the romance fades.

On the surface, the Act gives people a route: apply to the Land Registry, unearth dusty transfer documents (TR1/TP1), argue about whether property was held as Joint Tenants or Tenants in Common, and if no agreement can be found then let the courts decide. There is logic here, yes, but also an uncomfortable rigidity. The law presumes fairness based on technical ownership structures, rather than lived reality. Did you pay the mortgage single-handedly after your partner moved out? Did you invest in renovations to increase the property’s value? TOLATA can, through equitable accounting, adjust the balance but this is not guaranteed, and the process is far from simple.

And then there’s the elephant in the room: cost. While mediation is encouraged, the truth is that many disputes end up in court. Formal proceedings mean solicitors’ fees, valuations, mortgage statements, and the stress of disclosure. For ordinary people, this can feel like justice is accessible only if you can afford it.

In my view, the Act functions as a necessary safety net, but it is not a true reflection of the way we live today. The fact that someone can share years of their life, pour money into a shared home, and still walk away empty-handed because their name isn’t on the title deed is not just a legal technicality, it’s an injustice.

It’s time to ask whether we need more than TOLATA. Shouldn’t the law recognise the reality of cohabitation more fairly, without forcing people to piece together claims from constructive trusts and equitable accounting? Relationships may end, but fairness should not.

Until reform comes, TOLATA remains both a lifeline and a warning: if you live together but remain unmarried, your legal rights are fragile, and you must take steps like signing a Declaration of Trust before love clouds the paperwork.

About Gary Hall

Gary joined Clough & Willis in January 2025. He brings with him over 28 years experience working as a solicitor and previously as a Director at Rothwell and Evans solicitors. He has also headed up teams as Head of Litigation Wills and Probate.

His areas of work include:

  • Wills, Trust & Probate Litigation
  • Company & Partnership Law including Shareholder, director and partnership disputes.
  • Contract Disputes – Disputes arising from commercial contracts and between private individuals from what may appear a relative small sum to the multi-million pound claim
  • Property Disputes including landlord & tenant, boundary disputes, possessory title and rights of way.
  • General Litigation –Insolvency, Bankruptcy and Winding Up
  • Applications under the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996.

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What to Expect in the Early Stages of Divorce
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What to Expect in the Early Stages of Divorce

Published on
Chris Sweetman
Chris Sweetman
Editor at The Divorce Magazine
Director at Fair Result

Sponsored post by Fair Result.

The Team at Fair Result Provide Clear Guidance and Reassurance for Those Taking the First Steps

Divorce is often viewed as a daunting and overwhelming process, filled with uncertainty and emotional ups and downs. If you are considering separation or have just begun thinking about divorce, understanding what to expect in the early stages can help reduce anxiety and put you on a path towards a fair and practical resolution. At Fair Result, we’re committed to providing fixed-fee legal support, guiding you through each step with clarity and reassurance.

Demystifying Divorce and Our Supportive Role

The idea of divorce can conjure images of lengthy court battles, spiralling costs, and emotional turmoil. The process is often much more straightforward, especially with the right guidance and support. Fair Result is here to help you navigate the early stages with confidence, offering practical advice and transparent, fixed-fee services so you know exactly where you stand.

Initial Considerations: Laying the Groundwork

Before starting the formal process, it’s wise to take some practical steps that will make things smoother later on:

  • Gather Financial Documents: Begin collecting information on your income, savings, debts, pensions, and assets. Having these documents to hand will help your legal advisor give you accurate guidance and ensure a fair division of finances.
  • Plan Childcare and Living Arrangements: Consider where you and your children will live and how childcare will be organised. Early, open conversations about these arrangements can prevent misunderstandings and help maintain stability for everyone involved.
  • Think About Your Priorities: Reflect on what matters most to you, whether it’s minimising disruption for your children, securing your financial future, or achieving an amicable outcome. Being clear on your goals will help your solicitor support you effectively.

Starting the Divorce Process: Filing, Paperwork, and Timelines

Once you’re ready to proceed, the formal divorce process begins with filing a divorce application (sometimes called a petition/application) on the government’s online Divorce Portal. Here’s what to expect:

  • Filing the Application: You can apply online or by post. The application asks for basic details about your marriage and the reasons for divorce, now simplified under “no-fault” divorce rules.
  • Serving Papers: After filing online, your spouse will receive the application and has a set time to respond. This is a straightforward step and does not automatically mean a court appearance is necessary. It is only when your spouse is being difficult and refusing to accept online service of the application that you need process servers to physically serve the application.
  • Timelines: There is a mandatory waiting period (the “cooling off” period) before the conditional order can be granted, designed to give both parties time to reflect. The entire process can takes a minimum of 20 weeks as set out in legislation, but much depends on how quickly agreements are reached about finances and children. Do not apply for the Final Order on divorce until all financial and child arrangements have been agreed upon and set out in a consent order.
  • Paperwork: Most of the paperwork is standardised and can be completed with your solicitor’s help, ensuring nothing is missed and that your interests are protected.

Communication and Mindset: Legal Advice and Staying Calm

One of the best things you can do early on is to seek legal advice from a specialist. An experienced solicitor will explain your rights and options in plain English, helping you make informed decisions from the outset. At Fair Result, we believe a calm, practical mindset is invaluable. Try to approach discussions with your spouse about children, money, or living arrangements constructively. Remember, most issues can be resolved without confrontation, especially when both sides are informed and supported.

Fixed-Fee Support: Predictable Costs in Stressful Times

Uncertainty about legal fees can add to the stress of divorce. That’s why Fair Result offers fixed-fee packages, so you always know what to expect. With a clear price from the start, you can focus on what matters most, your family and your future, without worrying about spiralling costs or unpleasant surprises. Fixed-fee support gives you peace of mind and helps you stay in control at every stage.

Common Misconceptions: Busting Divorce Myths

Many people fear that divorce inevitably means a bitter court battle, but this is rarely the case. Most divorces are settled amicably through negotiation and agreement, without ever stepping foot in a courtroom. Other myths such as one partner always “winning” or the process dragging on for years are simply not true. With professional advice and a willingness to communicate, most couples can reach a fair settlement efficiently and respectfully.

Emotional and Practical Realities: Setting Expectations

There’s no denying that divorce brings emotional challenges, from sadness and frustration to relief and hope. It’s normal to feel a wide range of emotions, and seeking support from friends, family, or professional counsellors can be invaluable. On the practical side, be prepared for some changes to your daily routines, finances, and living arrangements. With the right support and a clear plan, these adjustments become far more manageable, helping you move forward with confidence.

Take the First Step with Fair Result

Starting divorce proceedings can feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to face it alone. By taking practical steps, seeking early advice, and choosing a fixed-fee partner like Fair Result, you can reduce uncertainty and make informed choices for your future. If you’re considering divorce or have questions about the process, contact Fair Result today for clear, supportive, and cost-effective guidance tailored to your needs. We’re here to help you achieve a fair result, every step of the way.

Get in Touch

Call us at 07 500 933 818 or 0333 577 7009

Email peter@fair-result.co.uk or chris@fair-result.co.uk

Read more articles by Chris Sweetman.

About Chris Sweetman

Chris Sweetman is an independent family solicitor and director of Fair Result – An award-winning law office who pride themselves on using innovative ways to help clients through the stress and complications of a marriage breakdown.

Chris can be contacted on 07500933818 or via email chris@fair-result.co.uk.

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Mediation, Arbitration, Collaborative Law, or Court? Choosing the Best Option for You
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Mediation, Arbitration, Collaborative Law, or Court? Choosing the Best Option for You

Published on
Nicki Mitchell
Nicki Mitchell
Partner
Jones Myers

Sponsored post by Jones Myers.

As an experienced Family Law Mediator and Collaborative Family Lawyer with extensive expertise in litigation, I understand the challenges facing separating couples in finding the right way to divorce for their individual circumstances.

The trepidation of a prolonged, costly and stressful court divorce is prompting an increasing number of  couples to seek out routes such as mediation and collaborative family law which avoid going to court. 

Another option is arbitration where separating couples hire a ‘private judge’ to accelerate the outcome of their financial settlements. 

Known as Alternative Dispute Resolution – because they provide alternatives to litigating in court – these three options put children’s best interests first. They also promote a spirit of spirit of collaboration for spouses and parents to achieve the best solutions.  

I hope the insights below will help you to decide which is best for your unique situation.   

What is mediation?

Mediation is a means of resolving family disputes constructively. It enables you to keep  control over  decisions which will  affect the future of you and your family.  In  the court process you hand those decisions over to a judge, who does not know you or your family and knows nothing about what is important to you. Mediation is appropriate for most situations including the most financially complex. 

Who is involved in mediation?

The private and confidential process takes place in a safe, impartial environment and involves a mediator like me, an independent third party who helps you and your ex to reach an agreement over key areas.  At the outset both of you sign an Agreement to Mediate so negotiations can continue on a ‘without prejudice’ basis. 

The number of discussions/sessions varies for each couple depending upon the complexity of the split. As a facilitator, the mediator assists, guides, and helps you to move dialogue forward.  

Many mediators, myself included, are lawyers and can provide extremely useful information about the law to inform your decisions. 

Whether or not they are legally qualified, mediators will recommend that you each  retain  your own solicitor who can provide specific legal advice where required during the process.

What does success in mediation look like?

A successful outcome in mediation can mean many things.  Many couples choose the mediation process to get to an agreement which is formalised in a binding Court Order. 

Often called a Final Order, this is a legal document which officially terminates your marriage without you having to go to court.  However, mediation has many other advantages, including developing a new way of communicating as separated parents. 

Is mediation compulsory?

No. Mediation is a voluntary process. You may have read about a Mediation Information and Assessment Meeting (MIAM) meeting, usually relating to cases involving finances or children, which all divorcing couples are expected to attend before court proceedings are issued. 

These meetings are designed to inform  you both about alternative resolution schemes and to establish if the circumstances are suitable for mediation.

What are the advantages and disadvantages?

Mediation can result in a swifter resolution, reducing legal expenses which mount up in prolonged court cases between warring couples. Highly confidential, it is a more impartial and considered approach and can lessen the emotional impact of separation and divorce on children. 

What happens if mediation fails? 

Due to its voluntary nature, talks can be concluded at any time if headway is not made. However, there are many ways in which the process can be adapted to get over sticky issues and avoid failure.  

There is an increasing trend towards lawyers being present in mediation sessions to provide technical advice and support during the process, in particular where there are complex legal issues.  

Alternatively, disputed legal points can be determined by bringing in a neutral lawyer to give a view or even an arbitrator to give a binding decision on a particular issue.  All of this can be done in the context of mediation.

What is collaborative family practice?

In collaborative family practice separating couples make a commitment to avoid the court route and to work together with specially trained lawyers to make their own decisions about the future. 

Like mediation, it champions a spirit of collaboration and compromise, is entirely confidential – and puts children’s needs at the heart of discussions.   

How does it work – and who is involved?

You and your ex each appoint your own collaboratively trained lawyer and undertake a series of meetings where you all work together to identify, address and resolve financial, parenting and other key issues.   

Collaborative family lawyers  provide support and legal advice throughout the sessions. Accountants, independent financial advisers, pensions advisers and/or childcare specialists can also attend and provide guidance on a neutral basis. You have as many or as few meetings as are necessary to resolve the issues between you.  

At the outset you, your collaborative lawyers and other specialists involved, sign a Participation Agreement that commits all of you to strive to reach resolutions without going to court. 

The agreement  prevents your collaborative lawyers from representing you in court if the collaborative process fails, ensuring everyone is wholly bought into making the process work.    

What are the advantages and disadvantages?

Like mediation, collaborative family  practice puts you and your ex in the driving seat so you can progress the sessions at your own pace, working around your respective work and family commitments. 

Faster, less stressful and more cost effective than going to court, it ensures that everyone involved is committed to achieving a solution. In times where transparency is encouraged in the family courts and journalists can attend hearings, collaborative practice guarantees your family’s privacy.

What happens if a successful outcome is reached? 

Once an agreement is reached, your lawyers will put it into effect, obtaining a formally binding Court Order without you having to go to court. 

What if talks break down?

At any time during the sessions either of you can terminate the process through a Formal Notice of Withdrawal if you feel no headway is being made. Again, as in mediation, failure can be avoided with the right support, including where necessary, an early neutral evaluation or arbitration on disputed legal issues. 

What is the difference between mediation and collaborative family practice?

In mediation, family mediators are neutral – they cannot give advice to either party as their role is  to facilitate discussions.

This differs from collaborative family lawyers who can advise those they represent at the same time as conducting the negotiations. As highlighted above, collaborative lawyers sign up to an agreement not to go to court, which provides a positive investment in the process for the whole team.  

What is arbitration?

Arbitration is a private court hearing where divorcing couples take on a ‘private judge’, officially known as an arbitrator, to achieve a resolution to their financial settlements.  

How does it work?

Like mediation and collaborative family practice, this option, also conducted in a safe and confidential environment, can avoid a prolonged, expensive and, potentially, public court hearing.  

Similar to a judge, the arbitrator hears evidence from both of you, collects relevant facts and bases their decision on the evidence, considering the views of you both.  

The arbitrator then makes an Award over who should have what which is final and binding.

What are the advantages and disadvantages?

Divorcing couples have the same arbitrator through the process, something which  rarely happens at court where different Judges are involved at different stages of the proceedings.

Quicker, confidential and more flexible than a court option, there is a substantial cost saving when delays are avoided. Divorcing couples set and agree their own timetable at the outset. 

If an arbitrator is to be used, this is something which must be agreed. There is no power to compel anyone to arbitrate. Also, arbitrators have no power to secure disclosure from third parties such as accountants or financial advisors or instruct them to present evidence at meetings.      

Can couples involved in a court divorce opt for arbitration?

Yes. Court rules give judges the power to halt court proceedings to give you both the opportunity to resolve the dispute through arbitration or indeed any other form of NCDR.

In what circumstances do couples choose a court divorce?

This largely depends on the advice which couples receive. Whilst most lawyers will explain all the dispute resolution options to clients, some, who may perhaps have less or no experience of NCDR, are more inclined to recommend court applications.  

The court process has its place. A Judge has the power to compel the production of financial information, ultimately by sending someone guilty of non-disclosure to prison. The court can also order third parties who hold information relevant to the case, for example accountants and other advisers, to provide information. In extreme cases a court can make orders without any engagement from one of the parties. 

What does a court process entail?

Before an application can be made to the court for a Financial Order an application must have been made for a divorce or dissolution of a Civil Partnership.  The various steps required to get a divorce can be found on the Government website.

As outlined above, before a court application can be made for a financial or children order, every divorcing couple must also  attend a Mediation Information and Assessment Meeting

A financial application will involve the exchange of full financial disclosure followed by a series of up to three main court hearings.   

What are the pros and cons of a court process?

The role of the court is to encourage parties to make agreed decisions about their finances and children and, in default of agreement, to make binding decisions for them 

Court orders, whether made by agreement or imposed by a Judge, are legally binding and enforceable. 

There is no privacy in a court divorce, where the proceedings are open. Since 2023 journalists have been able to report in family law courts on cases which include the wellbeing and future of children whose parents are divorcing.  

Couples are appointed a judge, who is unknown to them, and who makes vital decisions on key issues about their future.  Continuity is not assured with different judges often involved in the proceedings.  

Court hearings can be costly, stressful and time consuming. They can heighten conflict between the couple and run the risk of a case being adjourned or unfinished due to pressure on court time or a judge becoming unavailable.

The duration of a court divorce can vary significantly from a few months to years if the divorce is contested. 

The breakdown of a marriage invariably leaves those involved emotionally and physically drained and few couples take the decision to separate and divorce lightly

Knowing where to start on this critical path, which will impact on the future of all involved and affect the wellbeing of children involved, can seem overwhelming.  

Whichever route you take when embarking on divorce, it is critical that you secure the best possible legal advice.

I cannot emphasise enough the importance of working with highly experienced family law professionals like Jones Myers who are members of family law group Resolution and have a strong track record in their respective fields.   

Because we understand that every case is different, our family law experts, who are leaders in their field, deliver a bespoke service, outlining options and offering legal and practical advice at every stage to help them make informed decisions.

Read more articles by Nicki Mitchell.

Read more articles by Jones Myers.

About Nicki Mitchell

With over three decades of experience in family law, Nicki specialises in the financial aspects of relationship breakdown – and particularly complex cases involving family businesses, multiple properties, and complicated pension arrangements.

A skilled Mediator, Child Inclusive Mediator and Collaborative Family Lawyer, Nicki champions Alternative Dispute Resolution processes which avoid a lengthy court process and can lead much more quickly and cost effectively to a successful resolution.

Her exceptional track record also includes advising clients on the more traditional methods of resolving issues surrounding family breakdowns. Nicki.mitchell@jonesmyers.co.uk

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Our Relationship is Over: What Do I Do Now?
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Our Relationship is Over: What Do I Do Now?

Published on
James Pirrie
James Pirrie
Director at
Family Law in Partnership

Let’s not sugar coat it, this question “what do I do now?” (at the moment you know you will separate) is the single most important question you will answer in this whole chapter of your life. There will be a lot of other questions that you will be coming to, but get this one right and you should be able to avoid the unreasonable positioning and exhausting demands of a slow process that will cost eye-watering amounts, to achieve to your best possible outcome.  

Here are my ten top tips from helping clients through this part of their lives for the past forty-something years.

1. Ensure you are safe 

Ensure your safety and the safety of your children.  If there is a risk to this then it will dictate how you address the rest of these tips.

Safety at the end of a relationship is a whole topic on its own and planning for it will depend on your situation.  In controlling relationships, it is likely that a whole range of strategies will have been put in place around you by your prospective ex, with the intention of making it impossible for you to go.  The single most important thing is to reach the realisation that yes you are going to leave – it is then about getting the support to manage your way out of the maze. If you need help to leave safely, there are amazing organisations that can help you manage a safe exit.  Everything follows from this.

2. Manage your emergencies

In the same way, some separations have emergencies – personal safety is the most important.  Others can include:

  • jurisdictional races (where one of you could start proceedings in a different country, you may need to act quickly to ensure your divorce takes place where your needs and those of the children will be met favourably)
  • a child being taken abroad to separate them from you (child abduction)
  • information or assets being hidden or disposed of 
  • your being isolated from funds.

Some of these you can address in part – or at least make easier – but many of them are going to require immediate professional help, probably from a solicitor.

The rest of the “to-dos” are subject to emergencies – sometimes you won’t have time to plan your best path, you will feel bounced around by circumstance. Just carry on trying your best, accepting where you are and planning from there. 

3. Consider couple counselling

If there are no safety concerns, this is a consideration that you should not skate past. I have worked for too many people who have said their ex has come back to them some years down the road saying “I got it wrong – I don’t know what I was thinking- is there a way back for us?”. For me that points to a missed opportunity for some serious conversation around what was not working in the relationship and each person’s capacity for change. Of course, the result may still be that you decide to separate, but talking things through a counsellor is also likely to reassure and make for better progress if you do decide to part. 

4. Be kind if you can

So often, perhaps when people come to me midway through, they seem to be in a terrible situation, which they are finding hard to understand. There might be brutality around disclosure or how the finances are being managed for the interim or how arrangements are being set around the children. It is all a bit destructive and aimless, which is a surprise as they’re decent people. So, what went wrong?  Well usually it is about how things started.  

Actions like deception and adultery matter (see my blog here on this very point) – perhaps not to the professionals who know the courts don’t care, but they really matter to the person being deceived and to their kids when they find out.  Brutal and sharp separations are like throwing a huge slab of concrete into a small pond – the splash and ripples are going to play havoc for a while and in unexpected ways.  Stepping out slowly and gently with empathy respect and understanding, can help everyone get through to the smart choices more quickly.

5. Start early

It follows that planning and starting early is usually a positive too, you can pace things more calmly. You don’t find yourself suddenly desperate that it all has to be sorted by the weekend. (That “I have just had it up to here” moment). It also means that you are less likely to be bounced into the “well I am leaving you” discussion at the worst of times in the heat of an argument.  These things are going to be tough and thinking about how to do it in the best way, in the calm, will pay dividends.

6. Get support

All of that is going to point towards you getting individual support.  So many  people say “I don’t need that fluffy stuff …” or “we are not getting back together”. But that is not what this is about. It is about understanding where your ex is and what they are going through. It is about helping you to think of this from their side to be able to move things on in the best way possible. It is tough.  It is practical. It is also short term and goal-oriented.

Find the right support and you will be challenged to do this well, but also supported to do so.  That’s why I recommend that you get professional support – not just support from your mates or family:

This is the other response to my recommendation of professional expertise is “well I am talking to my friends.” The problem with relying solely on friends and family is that:

  • They care too much and as such, are likely to operate like an echo chamber for you: they want to be supportive and are likely to tell you what they think you want to hear – which is not always what you need to hear
  • They may bring their own unresolved personal issues to the conversation and that is not helpful 
  • They don’t have the training to help you process everything in a constructive way 
  • Their advice is likely to be on the hoof, quick answers without the depth of consideration that is really needed
  • You may find yourself managing your choices to keep them satisfied.

Without meaning to cast aspersions on your inner circle, you are also sharing confidences with them which may well be shared with others. 

I could go on but in essence, therapists are likely to be the most valuable in monetary terms. Find the right one and use them.

7. Think and write

So you know you are going to need to get some advice and guidance (how else are you going to have the anchor of knowing your rights and obligations – how else would you recognise a good deal?). Lawyers charge by time and will read a well-organised briefing way quicker than they can ask questions and you answer them. Many firms will have an information gatherer on their website. If you want to get the most from your time with a lawyer and keep costs time, you would prepare:

  • A balance sheet of where you are now:
    •  who is in the family and who are the relatives and important other people in your lives
    • all the dates and details that are going to be needed such as when the relationship started, was formalised and ended
    • and yes those financial numbers all pinned down so far as known. 
    • In addition there will be descriptions of what is going on – what everyone is like; how are your children doing, pictures etc.  
  • An account of how you got here this is likely to take in your families of origin, education, careers, first homes, challenges and so on
  • And then the quick fire document for a first call: The super brief summary and a clear vision of what you want and what you think are the hurdles to getting there.

Indeed sometimes I think that this last piece of knowing what you are needing is the single most important piece of work that will be in your briefing for the next step.

8. Find the right professional

This can feel like a minefield. There are directories ranking legal professionals, but they may not be your best starting point.  What you are likely to want is that skilled professional whom you trust because they get you and their values resonate with yours, simple as that.  

When you are researching there will be lots of focus on who does what process and your head can spin with the terms likely to be coming at you:  negotiation/ collaborative/ co-operative/ one lawyer/ together/ amicable/ litigation/ mediation/ child inclusion/ hybrid/ integrative, but that shouldn’t be your worry: Your job is to be clear about your needs (those hurdles you identified at stage 7), not the process (which is what the professional brings to accommodate them). It is the professional’s job to show that they have heard you and to explain their recommendation.  If you are convinced, you have the start of your plan. If you are not then say so – if you are not heard, you may not be in the right room so think about moving on now.  

It is why you might do well to choose a professional who is serious about all the different ways of doing things – it will ensure you are presented with all the options. Many lawyers will only have one qualification, permitting them to negotiate your case  with the court as a fall back and the court is the last place most people want to end up.  If your lawyer doesn’t know, isn’t familiar with and doesn’t use collaborative, mediation or arbitration  then just have in mind that these ways that might suit you better will probably not be on the menu for discussion.

9. Be brave …ish

Sitting down to talk with your ex may be absolutely the last thing you want to do, and of course you shouldn’t compromise safety, but for most people, a professionally assisted conversation with a neutral person (likely to be in mediation – but potentially “one lawyer”) is likely to be the fast route to finding the best solution. Your ex is likely to have a view of what they think the outcome should be and they are going to hang onto it until you can show that you have heard them. It is much harder to do this if your discussion is via letters and emails being fired between lawyers from their respective trenches a seeming “safe” distance away from each other.

The right mediator will help you both to manage a safe and productive conversation even in difficult situations. There would be an assessment and  intake process (called “a MIAM”, standing for Mediation Information and Assessment Meeting) when you can gather an understanding of what mediation would be like and talk through whether it is for you. In fact, you are required in most situations to have this meeting even if you wanted ultimately to go to court and I would encourage you to enter this meeting with an open mind as there is a lot of flexibility in mediation and other processes which may mean they are better for you.

10. Think kids

So obvious you may say it didn’t need saying. Where you have children, they are likely to be the lens through which all of this is viewed, you will consider your children:

  • when you take steps to start
  • in how you manage the relationship with your ex (because you are usually going to be co-parenting long term so you will not want to lay waste to how you talk to each other)
  • in the choices you make (for example the geography of your homes and family-friendly career-choices)
  • in the timing of any new relationship
  • in how you work out care and decision making: your children are part of each of you, they need safe arrangements to have a relationship with each of you if possible – and ideally each of you supporting the other to be the best parent you can be.

There is a lot to consider and it is all too easy to delay. But whether this relationship is your future or not is for you to decide and in your heart you will know the answer to that (especially if you have been through tip 3).  

If this relationship is not working and can’t be made to work, it is unlikely to be the best example of “adult relationships” for your kids, but beyond this, please don’t become that person I see so regularly who says “now I know about it all, I should have done this a decade ago, it would have been better for everyone.”

Read more articles by James Pirrie.

Read more articles by Family Law in Partnership.

About James Pirrie

James Pirrie is a Director of Family Law in Partnership, a highly regarded law firm based in London, which specialises in de-escalating conflict in family law.  He is an Arbitrator, Family Solicitor and Mediator accredited in child-inclusive mediation.

James is driven to improve long term outcomes for families who are experiencing separation or divorce.  He is credited with introducing collaborative law to the UK and with changing how children’s needs are addressed during family breakdown through the Parenting after Parting initiative.

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New Guide to International LGBTQ+ Laws
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New Guide to International LGBTQ+ Laws

Published on
David Allison
David Allison
Director & Mediator
Family Law in Partnership

It’s hard to believe in 2025 that consensual sex between same-sex individuals is still criminalised in a third of the world and there are countries which retain the death penalty.

An exciting and informative international guide of the laws affecting the LGBTQ+ community has been published by the International Academy of Family Lawyers (IAFL) with contributions from specialist family lawyers across the globe.  The guide includes contributions from 56 legal jurisdictions, including several within Africa and the Middle East. 

Each contributor was asked the same set of questions covering topics including the legality of same-sex relationships and gender identity (including legal penalties), relationship status and marriage, as well as parenting.

Whilst there are some bright spots with proper equality before the law for LGBTQ+ individuals, progress is still slow and in parts of the world there has been a worrying regression. For example, in 2021, a Bill titled, “Promotion of Proper Human Sexual Rights and Ghanaian Family Values Bill” was presented before Ghana’s 8th Parliament. The primary objective of this Bill was to explicitly outlaw activities associated with LGBTQ+ identities and related practices, including gender identity and gender-affirming treatments.

FLiP director, David Allison, Chairs the Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Committee (SOGI) of IAFL. He launched the guide at the IAFL’s Annual General Meeting in Kenya, where homosexuality is currently illegal and punishable by 14 years in prison.

He says:

“There is no other guide on this topic that provides expert insight from the very people who act for clients in these cases, in their own words.  It will be an invaluable resource for many. 

We intend for this guide to be a living resource, which is updated regularly to reflect changes in the law, and we want to find contributors in more countries.  Please do get in touch if you are willing to contribute or know of suitably qualified people who can provide information about jurisdictions which are not included in the guide.”

As IAFL President, Rachel Kelsey says:

“IAFL supports all efforts towards full equality of the LGBTQ+ community throughout the world, and the end to rules that discriminate against such individuals and their families. There remains a lot of work to be done and this Guides is part of our contribution.”

You can access the guide at: www.iafl.com/news-blog/2025/sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-guide/ 

In Kenya David worked with the National Association of Gay & Lesbian Human Rights Commission based in Nairobi on a press release for IAFL. The press release was issued at the General Meeting calling for the elimination of laws that unfairly discriminate against LGBTQ+ citizenry and criminalize countless couples in Kenya.  You can find that release at https://www.iafl.com/news-blog/2025/statement-in-support-of-lgtbq-kenyans-refugees-and-asylum-seekers\

Read more articles by Family Law in Partnership.

About David Allison

David specialises in financial claims on divorce, especially cases with an international element. He has extensive experience in cases where jurisdiction is an issue and those which involve claims for financial relief after an overseas divorce. He is also well known for his work for cohabitants, same sex couples, and civil partners. You can find out more about his work here.

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Coldplay, Cheating and the Courts: What the Law Really Says About Adultery
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Coldplay, Cheating and the Courts: What the Law Really Says About Adultery

Published on
Ellen Nicholas
Ellen Nicholas
Solicitor
Roythornes Solicitors

A few months after a “kiss-cam” moment at a Coldplay concert shook the internet, the ripples are still being felt, both in headlines and potentially in courtrooms. A viral clip showed a well-known tech CEO embracing someone other than his wife, namely the company’s HR manager, sparking widespread speculation about personal and professional fallout.

Consequences of such affairs can carry several after-effects, legal ones too. Yet while the scandal dominates the public imagination, the law around adultery and divorce can tell a far more restrained story.

What counts as adultery in law?

In everyday conversation, ‘cheating’ can be synonymous with everything from text messages to emotional betrayal. English law, however, draws the line more narrowly. Legally, adultery is defined as sexual intercourse between a married person and someone who is not their spouse. Acts short of this – however damaging they may be to trust within a relationship – do not qualify as adultery under the law.

That legal definition often surprises those who expect the courts to reflect the moral weight of infidelity. But the direction of travel in family law has been clear: away from blame and toward resolution.

No-fault divorce and the end of ‘blame’

In April 2022, the ‘no-fault divorce’ has entered the legal terrain. Previously, adultery could be pleaded as a ground for divorce, and while rarely contested, it kept the language of fault alive in petitions. Now, all that is required is a simple statement that the marriage has broken down irretrievably. No proof, no reason, no explanation and certainly no tabloid-worthy evidence are required.

The reform was designed to lower the temperature. By removing the need to point fingers, it gives separating couples a greater chance to part amicably, without animosity. For those experiencing betrayal, this can feel rather unsatisfying. The law no longer distinguishes between a relationship that ends quietly and one that explodes on unruliness.

High-profile divorce vs everyday divorce

The distinction, however, lies not in the courts but in the court of public opinion. For the average couple, an affair can be a painful yet private devastation, handled quietly within the family. For celebrities or business leaders, it becomes a defining story for their public image, highly scrutinised by the press, shareholders and the public alike.

Legally, however, both divorces follow the same process. A Hollywood actor’s affair may fill column inches, but when it comes before a judge, the legal questions are identical to those facing any other couple: how to divide assets fairly and, where children are involved, how to ensure their wellbeing and welfare are looked after.

Does adultery change financial settlements?

Contrary to common belief, adultery has almost no bearing on how finances are settled in divorce. The guiding principle for the courts is need: ensuring both parties, and any children, are adequately provided for. Being unfaithful does not diminish one’s entitlement to a fair division of assets.

There are exceptions, but they are rare. If, for instance, one spouse has channelled marital funds extravagantly into conducting an affair – where examples can include luxury holidays, gifts or property purchases – that reckless spending could be raised. Even then, it requires strong evidence and is unlikely to tip the scales dramatically.

What about the children?

In cases where children are involved, the law is even clearer. The paramount concern of the courts is the welfare of the child. Adultery, in and of itself, is not considered a reason to limit contact between parent and child. Only where a parent’s new relationship puts the child at risk – for example, if it involves unsafe environments – would the court intervene.

This principle reflects a broader truth: children’s wellbeing should not become collateral damage in their parents’ disputes. While one parent’s anger or sense of betrayal may be real and raw, arrangements for children must rise above any animosity.

Beyond scandal: a system built on resolution

Public scandals remind us of how messy human relationships can be. But divorce law in England and Wales has shifted decisively away from punishing misconduct and toward managing outcomes. The aim is to provide a supportive framework for families in transition, not to mete out moral judgment.

For those navigating the end of a marriage – whether quietly or under the glare of cameras – the same structures apply. Infidelity may devastate trust and reshape lives, but in the eyes of the law, it is no longer a decisive factor. What matters most is fairness, respective needs and the ongoing wellbeing of any children.

And while no court can resolve the hurt of betrayal, the system is designed to give couples the tools to move forward – with as little hostility as possible, even in situations when the world might be watching.

Read more articles by Roythornes Solicitors.

About Ellen Nicholas

Ellen is a Solicitor in our Family Team at Roythornes Solicitors. She is passionate about assisting and supporting clients through challenging times in their lives. Her dedication and expertise ensure that clients receive clear, compassionate, and effective legal support tailored to their individual circumstances.

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Potanina-v-Potanin: Divorce Experts Share their Views
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Potanina-v-Potanin: Divorce Experts Share their Views

Published on
Sean Hilton
Sean Hilton
Sital Fontenelle
Sital Fontenelle
Peter Burgess
Peter Burgess

The recent Court of Appeal ruling in London has reignited global attention on one of the most high-value divorce cases in history. Natalia Potanina, ex-wife of Russian billionaire Vladimir Potanin, has won the right to pursue a multi-billion-dollar claim for 50% of his stake in Norilsk Nickel, along with dividends and a luxury Moscow property.

Having previously received less than 1% of marital assets following their 2014 divorce, Potanina’s successful appeal marks a significant shift in what has already become a closely watched case.

To unpack the potential implications of this ruling, we asked leading experts Peter Burgess, Sital Fontenelle and Sean Hilton for their views.

Peter Burgess, partner at Burgess Mee, says:

“Today’s ruling further cements London’s position as the divorce capital of the world. Mrs Potanina’s $6bn claim has been thrown a lifeline, by the Court of Appeal allowing the claim to proceed. For UHNW individuals who have been badly served abroad, this judgment will be very welcome. Aspiring “divorce tourists” may appreciate the opportunity to demonstrate connection to this country at the substantive hearing, rather than at an earlier stage. However, this particular long-running high-value dispute may still have some way to go as it remains open to Mr Potanin to seek a further appeal to the Supreme Court.”

Sital Fontenelle, Head of the Family Law team at Kingsley Napley LLP, comments:

“All lawyers to international HNWs have been watching this case, given it concerns the limits to divorce tourism and is the latest determined example of a wife testing England’s reputation for being a fair and generous forum.

The Court of Appeal has today granted Natalia Potanina’s application for leave to bring a Part III claim meaning she is permitted to bring a claim for financial remedies in this jurisdiction following a divorce and financial settlement decided after a long marriage in Russia.   

The Court of Appeal had little difficulty in concluding that Mrs Potanina has solid grounds to bring her application on the basis of her connections to this country and the ‘limited’ view of her husband’s assets that was taken in Russia. The Court even went so far as to note that it could be argued the size of her award in Russia meant her reasonable needs could not be met. It also observed she had only received a fraction of what she might have received in this country.   

This will no doubt be disappointing to her husband and will dismay those who feel our divorce courts should be dealing with more local and needy cases. As the Court of Appeal notes, this case has been running for nearly 7 years and has consumed substantial resources of the court.

Although today’s decision is, of course, fact specific, the key point is that the door is still open; it reinforces our reputation for being divorce capital of the world and importantly there was no narrowing of the test for other potential claimants who have the appetite to bring litigation here.  We will therefore remain an attractive jurisdiction for divorce cases. 

However, it is unlikely to be the end of the matter since Mr Potanin may still have the appetite to appeal further and request the Supreme Court considers the substance of this case (their original review was procedural).  

This is a blockbuster case in financial terms – with considerable £s at stake in the billions rather than millions – so we can expect it will continue to be hard fought for several years to come.”

Sean Hilton, Family Partner, Stevens & Bolton, commented:

“Today’s Court of Appeal decision in the Potanin case marks a significant moment for international divorce law in England. By allowing Natalia Potanina’s financial claims to proceed despite her divorce being finalised in Russia the court confirmed its ability to intervene where a spouse claims they have received insufficient provision from a foreign divorce. Mrs Potanina was found to have a real and meaningful connection to England – she held a UK investor visa, owned property here, and had been habitually resident for over a year. The Judge did not agree with Mr Potanin’s claim that his ex-wife was a ‘divorce tourist’.

“The court also commented that under the Russian divorce Mrs Potanina received a “tiny fraction” of the sum she would have received if she had divorced in England, and that this may be more significant when Mr Potanin is required to give disclosure of his assets here. In those circumstances the Judge commented that it would be appropriate for the court to make a further financial award to Mrs Potanina, the extent of which will need to be determined at a further hearing.   

“This decision may now open the door to a raft of applications that have been waiting in the wings for clarity. It is clear this ruling will shape how we advise international clients going forward. While the procedure for these applications has been tightened, the court have made clear that if jurisdiction is established and there’s a real prospect of success for a spouse with a meaningful connection to this country, claims may still proceed with a broad discretion afforded to Judges – perhaps supporting the view that England is the ‘divorce capital of the world’.”

Keep up to date with latest divorce news.

About Peter Burgess

Peter is one of the two founding partners at Burgess Mee Family Law.

Having trained at top family law firm Withers LLP, Peter founded Burgess Mee with in 2013, where he advises on the full spectrum of family law issues across the firm’s three offices. Peter is also an FMC accredited mediator.

Get in touch with Peter today:

  • Email
  • Call on – 0203 824 9952

About Sital Fontenelle

Sital Fontenelle is the Head of the Family & Divorce team at Kingsley Napley. She specialises in the complex financial aspects of a divorce, negotiating and drafting of nuptial agreements as well as private children law cases. She typically acts for high-net-worth individuals, often on cases involving an international dimension, offshore trusts, family businesses, inherited wealth or asset tracing. She is also highly experienced in complex children cases. Sital is an active member of the Resolution Cohabitation committee and regularly speaks at international conferences on wealth protection and trusts. She is a recognised leader in her field in legal directories, including the Chambers Ultra High Net Worth Guide, Legal 500 UK, Chambers UK (finance and children) and Spears. As well as being ‘Recommended’ in the Spear’s 2023 Family Law Index, she won silver in the Woman of the Year – Future Leaders (Partner) category at the Powerwomen Awards 2020.

About Sean Hilton

Sean assists clients on a broad spectrum of matters ranging from complex high-value financial proceedings following divorce, to disputes in relation to children. For instance, Sean advises unmarried families on the consequences of a relationship breakdown and is instructed on pre and post nuptial agreements, often with an international element. Sean is considered as a “Rising Star” by the Legal 500 Directory and in the Thompson Reuters Super Lawyers List, and has recently been shortlisted for Family Lawyer of the Year – Senior/Managing Associate in the CityWealth Future Leader Awards.

Sean’s Stevens & Bolton profile and contact details are available here:

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Why Prenups are Losing Their Stigma - and Why More Couples Should Consider Them
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Why Prenups are Losing Their Stigma – and Why More Couples Should Consider Them

Published on
Fiona Lazenby
Fiona Lazenby
Partner – Family
Knights

Prenuptial agreements have made a comeback into the spotlight recently – not least after Jeff Bezos tied the knot with Lauren Sánchez earlier this summer. While they continue to often be branded ‘unromantic’ or ‘pessimistic’, these agreements are quietly becoming more mainstream, with growing numbers of millennials and everyday couples separating themselves from traditional perceptions and exploring them as a pragmatic way to protect assets and ensure financial clarity in the event of divorce.

As a family specialist at national leading law firm Knights, Jane Livingstone has seen first-hand how prenups have evolved from being a niche, often misunderstood concept into a recognised mechanism that can bring clarity and security to relationships.

What is a prenuptial agreement really for?

A prenuptial agreement, commonly known as “prenup”, is effectively signed before marriage, setting out how a couple would regulate or separate finances should the marriage later break down. 

They’re often associated with situations where one spouse has significantly greater wealth, owns a business, expects to inherit or wants to protect a family asset. Increasingly, however, couples with more modest means have started to recognise the value of deciding these matters early rather than leaving everything to chance. 

While the Supreme Court has recently ruled that on divorce, spouses should share the assets they build together, they need not share assets received from their families or inherited, known as non-matrimonial assets. However, such assets can become ‘matrimonialised’, depending on how they’re used during the marriage. A prenup is a useful tool to clarify that certain assets, such as gifts, inheritances, or family wealth, are to remain outside the pool of shared assets, even if circumstances change during the marriage.

Similarly, if a spouse inherits or receives family wealth after the marriage has begun, a postnuptial agreement can serve the same purpose, offering protection and clarity at any stage of the relationship. 

Where the change of heart comes from among younger generations

With many people deciding nowadays to walk down the aisle later in life, they often enter marriages with more established careers and accumulated assets. Many would’ve also witnessed, within family or friends, the financial fallout and emotional strain of divorce, making them more conscious of planning ahead.

Far from being a sign of mistrust, most couples find that talking openly about their finances before marriage brings them closer. As morbid as it may sound, it’s not unlike writing a will: it’s rarely done in expectation of the worst, but to provide clarity and peace of mind.

Are prenups legally binding?

Prenups aren’t automatically legally binding in England and Wales. Courts retain discretion to decide what is fair, especially in cases involving the needs of children.

However, if a prenup is properly prepared – with full financial disclosure, independent legal advice for both parties, and fair, realistic terms – it will carry significant weight. In practice, this often means that a well-drafted prenup does exactly what it’s intended to: reduce conflict and avoid lengthy, expensive and unnecessary disputes. 

Who can benefit and what assets can be covered?

While high-profile examples like Bezos make headlines, prenups are valuable for anyone who wants to protect particular assets, spanning across family businesses, inherited wealth, property purchased before marriage, savings or investments built up independently, and trust funds. 

For business owners, a prenup can be particularly constructive. Without one, divorce can trigger intrusive business valuations, disrupt operations, and create liquidity pressures. Agreeing in advance on how the business will be treated helps protect its stability.

Prenups can also address responsibility for existing debts, ensuring that personal liabilities remain personal rather than becoming joint obligations.

Importantly, these agreements aren’t standard templates – they’re tailored documents, drafted to reflect each couple’s unique circumstances and priorities.

Common misconceptions

One of the most enduring myths is that prenups are only for the very wealthy. The reality is now shaping these agreements differently, as prenups have been increasingly used by couples with moderate wealth who simply seek clarity and fairness. 

Another misconception is that discussing a prenup is cynical or unromantic. In practice, most couples who choose to have these conversations find it reassuring, providing peace of mind and establishing respect for each other’s financial futures, which can hugely reduce anxiety.

How to get it right

The process by which a prenup is created is as important as its content. Some key points:

  • Start early: don’t leave it until weeks before the wedding, but aim to finalise the agreement well in advance, ideally several months before the big day.
  • Full disclosure: both partners must share an honest, detailed picture of their finances. Attempts to withhold disclosure or inaccurately disclose fundamental information could lead to the agreement not being upheld.
  • Independent legal advice: each person should seek separate legal advice to show they understand and freely agree to the terms.
  • Fairness: the agreement must be reasonable and account for both parties’ needs.

If a prenup appears rushed, one-sided or signed under pressure, it’s far less likely to hold up in court.

Keeping it up to date

Life changes, and so should a prenup. It’s sensible to review it every few years or after major events, like the birth of a child or receiving an inheritance. If needed, updates can be formalised to keep the agreement aligned with the couple’s current situation.

Final thoughts

A prenup won’t remove every risk and courts still have a duty to ensure outcomes are fair. But for many couples, it paves the way to a clear plan, agreed together. 

At its best, a prenup isn’t about expecting divorce – it’s about protecting what matters most, reducing future conflict, and entering marriage with openness and confidence. That’s why, stigma aside, more couples are realising that love and pragmatism can go hand in hand.

Read more articles by Knights.

About Fiona Lazenby

Fiona Lazenby is a partner in the family team at Knights. Working with landowners and farming families to entrepreneurs, lottery winners and football club owners, she specialises in helping to negotiate the property and financial repercussions of relationship breakdown as well as resolving disputes over children’s living arrangements and wellbeing. Her high-net-worth clients have assets into the hundreds of million pounds. With expertise in the treatment of assets held in offshore trusts her clients are supported in both the UK and internationally.

She also advises clients on wealth protection when they decide to marry or cohabit, and prepares pre-nuptial, post-nuptial and cohabitation agreements to safeguard inherited wealth or business value created before marriage.

Seeking the best possible outcome for clients underpins her approach and she has often faced national media on their behalf.

She is also a member of the Law Society Family Advanced Panel in respect of complex assets.

About Knights

Knights is one of the fastest-growing legal services businesses in the UK, delivering high-quality services to more than 10,000 business clients from 26 offices nationwide.

Knights is ranked within the top 50 UK law firms by revenue – with specialists in all key areas of corporate, real estate and commercial law. Its extensive expertise is consistently strengthened through its acquisitions and the recruitment of high-calibre talented professionals.

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